Abdul Aziz, N., Meerah, T. S. M., Halim, L. & Osman, K. (2006). Hubungan antara
motivasi, gaya pembelajaran dengan pencapaian matematik tambahan pelajar tingkatan 4. Jurnal
Pendidikan, 31, 123 – 141.
Abdul Fatah Hassan. (2003). Pengenalan falsafah pendidikan. Pahang: PTS Publications
& Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Abdul Rahim, A. R., Sufean, H., & Che Hashim, H. (2006). Krisis & konflik institusi keluarga. Kuala
Lumpur: Utusan Publications.
Abdul Rahman Adam. (2015). Kurang ajar punya budak. Sinar Harian. Diambil dari:
http://www.hmetro.com.my.
Abdul Rahman Md. Aroff. (2014). Values Education and the Malaysia education blueprint. Journal of
Interdisciplinary Research in Education, 4(1), 59-73.
Abdul Rahman Md. Aroff. (1999). Pendidikan moral: Teori etika dan amalan moral.
Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abdul Rahman Md. Aroff. (2008). Pendidikan moral-teori etika dan amalan moral (edisi kedua).
Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abdul Rasid Jamian & Hasmah Ismail. (2013). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menyeronokkan dalam pengajaran
dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 3, (2), 49-63.
Abdul Shatar Che Abd. Rahman. (2007). Pengetahuan kandungan dan pedagogi guru pendidikan moral
tingkatan empat di sebuah sekolah (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Agina, A. M., Kommers, P. A. M., & Steehouder, M. F. (2012). The effect of nonhuman's external
regulation on children's responses to detect children with developmental problems (DP) associated
with the natural development of self- regulation during learning tasks. Computers in human
behavior, 28(2), 527-539. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.025
Akhmal Annas Hasmori, Hussin Sarju, Ismail Sabri Norihan, Rohana Hamzah & Muhammad Sukri Saud.
(2011). Pendidikan, kurikulum dan masyarakat: Satu integrasi. Journal of Edupress, 1, 350-356.
Alessandro, A. H. (2015). Lawrence Kohlberg’s Legacy: Radicalizing the Educational Mainstream. In
Boris, Z, Detlef, G. & Ewa, K., Kohlberg Revisited (pp. 27-50).
Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publisher.
Alexander, H. A. (2005). Education in ideology. Journal of Moral Education, 34(1), 1•18.
Ali, M., & Asrori, M. (2012). Psikologi Remaja: Perkembangan peserta didik. Jakarta: PT. Bumi
aksara.
Althof, W. (2003). Implementing just and caring communities in elementary schools: a Deweyan
perspective. In Veugelers, W. & Oser, F. K. (Eds), Teaching in moral and democratic education (pp.
153-172). Switzerland: Peter Lang - International Academic Publishers.
Althof, W. (2015). Just community sources and transformations: a conceptual archeology of
Kohlberg’s approach to moral and democratic schooling. In Boris, Z, Detlef, G.
& Ewa, K., (Eds.) Kohlberg Revisited (pp. 51-90). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Althof, W., & Berkowitz, M. W. (2013). Character and civic education as a source of moral
motivation. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp.
567-584). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Amir Hasan Dawi. (2002). Penteorian sosiologi dan pendidikan (Edisi Kedua). Tanjung Malim: Quantum
Books.
Amro, H. J., Mundy, M. A., Kupczynski, L. (2015). The effects of age and gender on student
achievement in face-to-face online college algebra classes. Research in Higher Education Journal,
27, 1 – 22.
Arthur, J. & Wilson, K. (2010). New research directions in character and values education in the
UK. In Lovat, T., Toomey, R. & Clement, N. (Eds.), Handbook on values education and student
well-being (pp. 339-358). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Arthur, J. (2003). Education with Character: The Moral Economy of Schooling. London: Routledge.
Arthur, J. (2008). Traditional approaches to character education in Britain and America.
In Nucci, L. & Narvaez, D. (Ed.), Handbook of moral and character education. educational psychology
handbook (pp. 80-98). Abingdon: Routledge.
Aslina Ahmad. (2013). Kesan intervensi psiko-pendidikan terhadap tingkah laku murid sekolah
menengah oleh guru bimbingan dan kaunseling (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan):
Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Asron Mustapha. (2016). Patriotisme rakyat semakin terhakis. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari
http://www.utusan.com.my
Astington, J. W. (2001). The paradox of intention: Assessing children's
metarepresentational understanding. In Malle, B.F., Moses, L. J. & Baldwin D. A.(Eds.), Intentions and intentionality: Foundations of social cognition (pp. 85-104).
Cambridge, UK: MIT Press.
Astro Awani (2014). Video perempuan mengamuk kereta kena langgar dikeji pengguna media sosial.
Astro Awani. Diambil dari: http://www.astroawani.com.
Azian Tengku Syed Abdullah. (1990). Effects of moral dilemma episodes on moral values and academic
performance of form one students in science lessons (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan):
Universiti Malaya. Diambil dari: http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/42/
Azizi Ahmad & Mohd Isha Awang. (2008). Pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Azrina Jonit. (2004). Keperluan dalam pendidikan moral untuk menghadapi cabaran era pasca
modenisme. Presented in Seminar Antarabangsa Nilai dalam Komuniti Pasca Modenisme (SIVIC 2004)
(Kajian yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Utara Malaysia, Langkawi.
Badrul Muzammil. (2014). Young rapists on the rise: a crime society prefer to ignore.
Malaysian Digest. Diambil dari http://www.malaysiandigest.com
Badrulzaman Baharom. (2006). Persekitaran keluarga dan kesannya terhadap tingkah laku devian remaja
di Daerah Pontian Johor (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Johor.
Bahaman Abu Samah, & Turiman Suandi. (1999). Statistics for social research with computer
applications. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: JJ Print & Copy.
Baharom Mohamad, Ali Suradin & Za’ba Helmi Khamisan. (2008). Peranan pendidikan Islam dan
pendidikan Moral dalam membina sahsiah pelajar berkualiti. Persidangan Pembangunan Pelajar
Peringkat Kebangsaan, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Diambil dari:
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my
Balaguer. I., Castillo, I., Álvarez, M. S., & Duda, J. L. (2005). Importance of social context in
the prediction of self-determination and well-being in athletes of different level. Paper presented
at 9th European Congress of Psychology. Granada (Spain).
Bambang Sumintono, Lokman Mohd Tahir, Mohd Anuar Abdul Rahman. (2012).
Pendidikan moral di Malaysia: Tantangan dan implementasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah. Jurnal
Pendidikan Karakter, 2 (1), 14-22.
Bambang, Sumintono, Anuar, Lokman, Mohd Tahir & Mohd Anuar Abdul Rahman. (2012). Pendidikan Moral
di Malaysia: Tantangan dan Implementasi Pendidikan
Karakter di Sekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 2(1). 14-22.
Barnett T, & Valentine S. (2004). Issue contingencies and marketers' recognition of
ethical issues, ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. Journal of Business Research, 57,
338-47.
Bartels, D. M., Bauman C.W., Cushman, F., Pizarro, D. A. & McGraw, P. A. (2015).
Moral judgment and decision making. In Keren, G. & Wu, G. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of
Judgment and Decision Making, first edition (pp. 478-515). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Bartol, C. R., and Bartol, A. M. (2011). Criminal behavior: A psychological approach.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Basinger, K. S. & Gibbs, J. C. (1987). Validation of the Sociomoral Reflection Objective Measure –
Short Form. Psychological Reports, 61(1), 139-146.
Basinger, K. S., Brugman, D., & Gibbs, J. C. (2007). Sociomoral reflection measure – short form
objective (SRM-SFO) (Instrumen yang tidak diterbitkan): Urbana University, OH, United States.
Bebeau, M. J. (2002). The defining issues test and the four component model: Contributions to
professional education. Journal of Moral Education, 31(3), 271- 295.
Bebeau, M. J., & Monson, V. E. (2008). Guided by theory, grounded in evidence: A way forward for
professional ethics education. In L. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook on moral and
character education (pp. 557–582). Hillsdale, NJ: Routledge.
Beem, A. L., Brugman, D., Høst, K. & Tavecchio, L. W. C. (2004). Students’ perception of school
moral atmosphere: from moral culture to social competence. A generalizability study. European
Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 171-192
Beerthuizen, M. G. C. J., Brugman, D. (2013). Moral value evaluation: a neglected motivational
concept in externalizing behaviour. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of
moral motivation (pp. 567-584). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Beerthuizen, M. G. C. J., Brugman, D., Basinger, K. S., & Gibbs, J. C. (2012). Moral reasoning,
moral value evaluation and juvenile delinquency: An introduction to the Sociomoral Reflection
Measure – Short Form Objective. Diambil dari:
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/238410/beerthuizen.pdf?...1
Beerthuizen, M.G.C.J., & Brugman, D. (2012). Sexually abusive youths’ moral reasoning on sex.
Journal of Sexual Aggression, 18(2), 125 - 135.
doi: 10.1080/13552600.2010.519126
Beerthuizen, M.G.C.J., Brugman, D., Basinger, K.S., & Gibbs, J.C. (2011). Moral
reasoning, moral value evaluation and juvenile delinquency: An introduction to the Sociomoral
Reflection Measure - Short Form Objective. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Berkowitz, M. & Bier. M. (2007). What Works in Character Education. Journal of Research in
Character Education, 5(1), 29–48.
Bialik, M., Bogan, M., Fadel, C. & Horvathova, M. (2015). Character Education for the 21st Century:
What Should Students Learn?. Switzerland: Montes Alti Educational Foundation.
Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of student self-regulation and instructor autonomy
support on learning in a college-level natural science course: A self- determination theory
perspective. Science Education, 84, 740 –756.
Blasi. A. (1999). Emotion and moral motivation. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 29(1).
1-19. doi: 10.1111/1468-5914.00088
Blatt, M. & Kohlberg, L. (1975). The effects of classroom moral discussion upon children‟s level of
moral judgment. Journal of Moral Education, 4(2), 129-161.
Boris, Z, Detlef, G. & Ewa, K. (2015). Kohlberg Revisited. Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2010). Families promote
emotional and behavioural resilience to bullying: Evidence of an environmental effect. Journal of
Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 809–817.
Brickhouse, T. C., & Smith, N. D. (2010). Socratic Moral Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Brimi, H. (2009). Academic instructors or moral guides? Moral education in America and the
teacher’s dilemma. The Clearing House, 82(3), 125–130.
Broidy, L., Nagin, D. S., Tremblay, R. E., Bates, J. E., Brame, B., Dodge, K. A., et al. (2003).
Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A
six-site, cross-national study. Developmental Psychology, 39(1), 222-245.
Brophy, J. (2010). Motivating students to learn. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Brugman, D. & Aleva, A. E. (2004). Developmental delay or regression in moral reasoning in juvenile
delinquents? Journal of Moral Education, 33, 321-328.
Brugman, D. & Bink, M. D. (2011). Effects of the EQUIP peer intervention program on self-serving
cognitive distortions and recidivism among delinquent male
adolescents. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(4). 435-358.
Brugman, D. (2008, July). Perspectives on the moral self: moral self-relevance. Kajian
dibentangkan di 20th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral
Development. Wurzburg: Germany.
Bucciarelli, M. (2008). The Psychology of moral reasoning. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(2),
121-139.
Buerah Tunggak, Shanah Ngadi, & Hammah Abu Naim. (2015). Delinkuen pelajar dan cadangan
penyelesaiannya menerusi model pembangunan sahsiah remaja/ pelajar Muslim bersepadu. Jurnal
Hadhari, 7(2), 11-30.
Buon, M., Habib, M. & Frey, D. (2016). Moral development: conflicts and compromises.
In Sommerville, J., Decety, J. (Eds.), Social Cognition (pp. 278-315). New York: Routledge.
Burfiend. J. W. & Bartusch. D. J. (2006). Defining juvenile delinquency: An integrated approach.
United Kingdom: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Cam, Z., Cavdar, D., Seydoogullari, S., & co*k, F. (2012). Classical and contemporary approaches for
moral development. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12 (2), 1222-1225.
Caravita, S. C. S., De Silva, L. N., Pagani V., Colombo B., & Antonietti A. (2017). Age- related
differences in contribution of rule-based thinking toward moral evaluations. Frontiers in
Psychology, 8, 597-621. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00597.
Carbonell, V. (2009). Moral saints reconsidered (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan):
University of Michigan, United States.
Carpendale, J. I. M., Hammond, S. I. & Atwood, S. (2013). A relational developmental systems
approach to moral development. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 45, 125-153. Diambil
dari: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397946-
9.00006-3
Carr, D. (2008). Music, spirituality, and education. The Journal of Aesthetic Education, 42, 16-29.
Cesur, S., & Topcu M. S. (2010). A reliability and validity study of the defining issues test: the
relationship of age, education, gender and parental education with moral development. Educational
Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(3), 1681-1696.
Chang, L. H. (2001). Learning to teach moral education. Paper presented at Association of Moral
Education Conference: Excellence in Moral Education. Canada:
Vancouver.
Chang, L. H. (2002). Pendekatan antara disiplin dalam Pendidikan Moral untuk
sekolah. Kertas Kerja yang dibentangkan dalam Seminar Pendidikan Moral: Tren dan Hala Tuju. Kuala
Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.
Chang, L. H. (2003). Pendekatan terkini dalam Pendidikan Moral. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan
dalam Kursus Orientasi Jurulatih Utama Pendidikan Moral KBSR/KBSM (semakan), Kuala Lumpur: Fakulti
Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya.
Chang, L. H. (2005). Konsep asas dalam pendidikan moral. Fakulti Pendidikan: Universiti Malaya.
Chavez, L. M., & Canino, G. (2005). Toolkit on translating and adapting instruments.
Cambridge, MA: Human Services Research Institute.
Cheung, C. K. (2007). The teaching of moral education through media education. The asia
pacific-education researcher, 16(1), 61-72.
Christov-Moore, L., Simpson, E. A., Coudé, G., Grigaityte, K., Iacoboni, M., & Ferrari, P.
F. (2014). Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral
Reviews, 46, 604-627.
Chua, Yan Piaw. 2011. Kaedah Penyelidikan. Edisi Kedua ed. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill (Malaysia)
Sdn. Bhd.
Cohene, T., & Easterbrook, S. (2005). Contextual risk analysis for interview design.
Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering,
Paris: France.
Colby, A., & Kohlberg, L. (Eds.). (1987). The measurement of moral judgment (Vols. 1 and 2). New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Colby, A., Kohlberg, L., Gibbs, J., & Lieberman, M. (1983). A longitudinal study of moral judgment.
Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48(200), 1–124.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches,
fourth edition. U.S.A.: Sage Publication Inc.
Cupach, W. R., Daniel, J. C., Sam Vuchinich, & Susan, J.M. (2003). Conflict: An entry from
Macmillan reference USA’S. International Encyclopedia of Marriage & Family, 15(2), 4670-4683.
Cushman, F., & Young, L. (2009). The psychology of dilemmas and the philosophy of morality. Ethic
Theory Moral Practice, 12, 9–24.
Damon, W. (2005). Good? Bad? Or none of the above?. Education Next, 5(2), 20-27.
Dan, J. W. (2012). Internal and external difficulties in moral education. Educational
Philosophy and Theory, 44, 1133-1146. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00641.x Daniel. J. (2012).
Sampling essesntials. London: Sage Publication.
Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior.
New York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In
Dienstbier R. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp.
237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the
self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268.
Dianne K. & Daeg de Mott. (2001). Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence: Kohlberg's Theory of
Moral Reasoning. Diambil dari: http://www.texascollaborative.org/SusanUpshaw/Moral_Development.pdf
Ditto, P. H., Pizarro, D. A. & Tannenbaum, D. (2009). Motivated moral reasoning. In Bartels. D. M.,
Bauman, C. W., Skitka, L. J., & Medin, D. L. (Eds.). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation Vol.
50. (pp. 307-338). Burlington: Academic Press.
Dolph. K., & Lycan. A. (2008). Moral reasoning: a necessary of learning in today’s classroom.
Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education 1(1), 13-19.
Doris, J. M., & Moral Psychology Research Group. (2010). The moral psychology handbook. New York:
Oxford University press.
Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and
Perspectives, 38(1), 105-123.
Dzulkifli A. R. (2012). Reclaim education’s true ethos. New Straits Times, August 25, 2012 Diambil
dari: http://www. nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/reclaim-education- s-true-ethos-1.128959.
Edward, C. P., & Gustavo, C. (2005). Introduction moral development study in the 21st century. In
Richard, D, Gustavo, C. & Edward, C. P. (Eds.), Moral motivation through the life span: volume 51
of the Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 9- 26). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. (2006). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg (Eds),
Handbook of child psychology: Social emotional, and personality
development (6th ed. Vol. 3, pp. 646–718). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Embun Majid. (2016, Ogos 16). 29 gang members nabbed in Kedah police dragnet. News
Strait Times. Diambil dari http://www.nst.com.my
Eow. B. H., (2000). Pendidikan Moral. Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Pearson Education Malaysia.
Erich Goode. (2005). Deviant Behaviour. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Etaugh, C. A., & Bridges, J. S. (2010). Women’s lives: A psychological exploration (2nd ed.).
Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Faircloth, W. B. (2012). Children and Marital Conflict: A Review. Case Maker, 6(1), 1-5. Faizan
Maisarah, Nurul Adyani & Azlina. (2016). Hubungan antara konsep kendiri dan
motivasi dengan pencapaian pelajar bagi kursus Makroekonomi. Journal of Social
Science and Humanities, 1, 101-114.
Faridah Che Husain, & Fakhrul Adabi. (2011). Sukatan pendidikan akhlak dan moral di sekolah
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia: Satu tinjauan umum. Al-Basirah, 1(1), 79-91.
Farrington, D. P. (2000). Explaining and preventing crime: The globalization of knowledge-The
American Society of Criminology 1999 presidential address. Criminology, 38(1),1–24.
Fatimi Hanafi, Zulkanain Abdul Rahman & Arbaiyah Mohd Noor. (2016). Perpaduan politik asas
integrasi nasional di Malaysia, Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Syah, 3(1), 1-13.
Feinberg, M., Willer, R., Antonenko, O., & John, O. (2012). Liberating reasons from the passion:
Overriding tuitionistmoral judgements through emotion reappraisal. Psychological science, 23,
788-795.
Fenstermacher G. D., Osguthorpe R.D., & Sanger M. N. (2009). Teaching morally and teaching
morality. Teaching Education Quarterly, 36(3), 7-19.
Frankel, S. (2007). Researching children’s morality: Developing research methods that allow
children’s involvement in discourses relevant to their everyday lives, Childhoods Today, 1(1),
1-25.
Fumagalli, M., Ferrucci, R., Mameli, F., Marceglia, S., Mrakic-Sposta, S., Zago, S., Lucchiari, C.,
Consonni, D., Nordio, F., Pravettoni, G., Cappa, S., & Priori, A. (2010). Gender-related
differences in moral judgments. Cognitive Processing 11(3), 219–226.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and
reference (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam
Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Gibbs, J. C. (2003). Moral development and reality: beyond the theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman.
London: Sage Publications.
Gibbs, J. C. (2010). Moral development and reality: beyond the theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman,
second edition. Boston: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.
Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., & Fuller, D. (1992). Moral maturity: measuring the development of
sociomoral reflection. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., Grime, R. L., & Snarey, J. R. (2007). Moral judgement development
across cultures: revisiting Kohlberg's universality claims. Development Review, 27, 443-500.
Gilligan, C. (1993). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Glanzer, P. L.,
Ream, T. C., Villarreal, P., & Davis, E. (2004). The teaching of ethics in
Christian higher education: An examination of general education requirements.
Journal of General Education, 53, 184-200.
Gottfredson, G. D. (2012). Schools and Delinquency. In Feld, B. C. & Bishop, D. M. (eds.) (2012).
The oxford handbook of juvenile crime and juvenile justice. (pp. 203- 225). New York: Oxford
University Press.
Graham, J., Nosek, B.A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P.H. (2011). Mapping the moral
domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 366-385. doi:10.1037/A0021847
Grusec, J. E. (2006). The development of moral behavior and conscience from a socialization
perspective. In Killen, M. & Smetana, J. (Ed.), Handbook of moral development (pp. 243-265).
Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Guay, F., Chanal, J., Ratelle, C. F., Marsh, H. W., Larose, S., & Boivin, M. (2010).
Intrinsic, identified, and controlled types of motivation for school subjects in young elementary
school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(4), 711– 735.
Guru ditumbuk, ditendang dan dimaki kerana tegur pelajar (2015, Oktober 17). Kosmo.
Diambil dari http://www.kosmo.com.my
Hallgren, K. A. (2012). Computing inter-rater reliability for observational data: An
overview and tutorial. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 8, 23–34.
Hamsari, N. A. & Yahaya, A. (2012). Peranan motivasi pembelajaran, gaya keibubapaan
dan sikap dengan pencapaian akademik. Journal of Educational Psychology & Counseling, 5, 30-57.
ISSN: 2231- 735X.
Harits Asyraf (2018). Ponteng sekolah catat rekod tertinggi salah laku disiplin pelajar.
Kuala Lumpur: Astro Awani.
Hasan Langgulung. (2003). Asas-asas Pendidikan Islam. Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Pustaka Al Husna Baru.
Hasan, A. R. & Hynds, A. (2014). Cultural influence on teacher motivation – a country study at
Maldives. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(1), 19- 28.
Hill, B. V. (2004). Values education in schools: Issues and challenges. Kajian dibentangkan di
National Values Education Forum, Melbourne.
Hing-keung Ma. (2009). Moral Development and Moral Education: An Integrated Approach. Educational
Research Journal, 24(2), 293-326.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Husin, M.S. (2000). Kajian terhadap kepentingan penggunaan alat bantu mengajar di sekolah menengah
teknik (Tesis sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor.
Hussain, O. Berhannudin, M.S., Syed Muhammad, D. A. & Abdullah, S. (2008).
Perlaksanaan pendekatan pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman (PBL dan POPBL) bagi meningkatkan
kemahiran insaniah pelajar. Seminar Kebangsaan Kemahiran Insaniah dan Kesejahteraan Sosial (SKIKS)
2008, 18-19 Ogos, 2008, Hotel Mahkota, Melaka.
Ihavenil Narinasamy. (2013). Teacher as a caring agent in developing empathy among Moral Education
students (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2015). Statistik Penglibatan Remaja dalam Jenayah Juvana dari tahun
2009-2015. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita dan Kebajikan Masyarakat.
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2016). Statistik Penglibatan Remaja dalam Jenayah Juvana tahun 2016.
Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita dan Kebajikan Masyarakat.
Jaffee, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2000). Gender differences in moral orientation: A meta-analysis.
Psychological Bulletin, 126, 703-726.
Jeevajothi, N. (1997). Keberkesanan perbincangan dilema moral dalam perubahan
peringkat penaakulan moral di kalangan pelajar tingkatan IV. Latihan Ilmiah. Universiti Malaya.
Jevtic, B. (2014). Moral judgement of delinquents. Procedia–Social and behavioural sciences,
149(5), 449-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.286
Johnson, L. (2016). Toward a Psychological History of Philosophy: Kant’s Dreams of a Spirit-Seer
(Träume eines Geistersehers, erläutert durch Träume der Metaphysik, 1766), PsyArt, 20, 69–83.
Josephson Institute of Ethics. (2009). Character counts! [Online forum comment].
Diambil dari: http://www.charactercounts.org.
Julia. A. (2011). Intelligent Virtue. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kadivar, P., Kohoulat N., Hossein Abdollahi, M., & Khoshbakht, F. (2016). Perception of School
Moral Atmosphere and Elementary Students’ Moral Development. International Journal School Health,
3(4), 1-6. Doi: 10.17795/intjsh-35963.
Kalaiselvi Ettikan, Nur Surayyah Madhubala Abdullah & Umi Kalthom Abdul Manaf. (2015). Guru
cemerlang pendidikan moral: keperluan menguasai aspek kandungan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran
pendidikan moral dan implikasinya. International Journal of Education and Training, 1(2), 1-8.
Kalsoom, F., Behlol, M. G., Kayani, M. M., & Kaini, A. (2012). The moral reasoning of adolescent
boys and girls in the light of Gilligan’s theory. International Education Studies, 5(3), 15-23.
Kamus Online Merriam-Webster (2007). kemoralan. https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/morality, 2017-03-12.
Kant, I. (1998/2002). The Metaphysics of Morals. Wood, A.W. (trans.). Binghamton, New York:
Vail-Ballou Press.
Katrina. (2012). Conducting Educational Research Adopting or Adapting an Instrument.
Online. Diambil dari: http://korbedpsych.com/R09aAdopt.html
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (1979). Laporan jawatankuasa kabinet mengkaji pelaksanaan dasar
pelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2013). Laporan Pembangunan Kemanusiaan Unit Hal Ehwal Murid. Kuala
Lumpur: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (1988). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral KBSM.
Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2000). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral KBSM.
Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2001). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral major.
Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Pendidikan Guru.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2002). Huraian sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral tingkatan empat
KBSM. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012). Laporan awal Pelan Pendidikan Pembangunan Manusia
2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Pendidikan Moral: Dokumen standard kurikulum pentaksiran
sekolah (KSSM) Tingkatan 1. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum.
Khaidzir Ismail. (2011, Februari 3). Masalah juvenil. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari
http://www.utusan.com.my
Killen, M., & Smetana, J. (2006). Handbook of moral development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Klemann, H. (2011). The matter of moral education: Locke, newbery, and the didactic book – Toy
Hybrid. Eighteenth Century Studies, 44(2), 223-244.
Koh, C. (2009). Assessing students’ moral development and motivation in moral education.
Proceedings of the ERAS conference, National Institute of Education, Singapore.
Koh, C. (2012). Moral development and student motivation in moral education: A Singapore study.
Australian Journal of Education, 56(1), 83-101.
Kohlberg, L. (1958). The development of modes of moral thinking and choice in the years 10 to 16
(Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in
the development of moral thought. Vita humana, 6, 11-33.
Kohlberg, L. (1975). The just community approach to corrections: A theory. Journal of Moral
Education, 4(3), 243-260.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stage and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In
Lickona, T. (Ed.), Moral development and behavior (pp. 31-54). New
York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of
justice. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages.
San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Kohlberg, L., Boyd, D. R., & Levine, C. (1990). The return of Stage 6: Its principle and moral
point of view. In Wren T. (Ed.), The moral domain: Essays in the ongoing discussion between
philosophy and the social sciences (pp. 151-181). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities.
Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kwok, J., & Selman, R. L. (2013). Moral reasoning, moral motivation and informed social reflection.
In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 551-566).
Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Lahey, K. (2003). The cost of dropping out: The economic impact of early school learning.
Melbourne: Business Council of Australia.
Lanctot, N. & LeBlanc, M. (2002). Explaining deviance by adolescent females. In M. Tonry (Ed.)
Crime and Justice, 29, 113-202. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lapsley, D. & Woodbury, R. (2016). Moral-Character Development for Teacher Education. Action in
Teacher Education, 38(3), 194-206, doi: 10.1080/01626620.2016.1194785.
Larden, M., Melin, L., Holst, U., & Långström, N. (2006). Moral judgement, cognitive distortions
and empathy in incarcerated delinquent and community control adolescents. Psychology, Crime & Law,
12(5), 453-462.
Lavell, J. L. (2002). The effects of gender and maturation on moral reasoning orientation, care and
justice in adulthood. Adult Education Research Conference. Diambil dari:
http://newprairiepress.org/aerc/2002/papers/35
Leal, E. A., Miranda, G. J., & Carmo, R. S. (2012). Self-determination theory: an analysis of
student motivation in an accounting degree program. Dibentangkan di Third Meeting of Teaching and
Research in Management and Accounting, 24(62), 162-
173. São Paulo: University of São Paulo.
Lee. L. T. (2015, Mac 26). Pendekatan bendung salah guna internet. Utusan Malaysia.
Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Leenders, I., & Brugman, D. (2005). The moral/non-moral domain shift in young adolescents in
relation to delinquent behavior. British Journal of Developmental
Psychology, 23(1), 65-79. doi:10.1348/026151004X20676
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of Moral
Education, 25(1), 93-100.
Lickona, T., Schaps, E., & Lewis, C. (2003). Eleven principles of effective character education.
Washington, DC: Character Education Partnership.
Lim Chap Sam, & Chee Kim Mang. (2010). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan penyelidikan.
Dalam Noraini Idris (Ed.), penyelidikan dalam pendidikan (pp. 164-176). Kuala Lumpur: Mc Grawhill.
Lincoln, S. H., & Holmes, E. K. (2011). Ethical decision making: a process influenced by moral
intensity. Journal of Healthcare, Science, and the Humanities, 1(1), 55-69.
Lind, G. (2002). Can ethics be taught? Research findings from modern moral psychology (2nd
Edition). Berlin: Logos-Verlag.
Lind, G. (2009). Morality can be taught. Munich: Oldenbourg.
Lips, H. (2008). Sex and gender: An introduction (6th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Liu, X. (2014). The problem of character education and Kohlberg’s moral education: critique from
Dewey’s moral deliberation. Philosophical Studies in Education, 45, 136-145.
Loganathan, R. (1995). Peringkat perkembangan moral di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah dari
bandar dan luar bandar (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Lopez, Y. P., Recliner, P. L., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2005). Shaping ethical perceptions: An
empirical assessment of the influence of business education, culture, and demographic factors.
Journal of Business Ethics, 60(4), 341–58.
Losier, G. F., Perreault, S., Koestner, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2001). Examining individual
differences in the internalization of political values: Validation of the self- determination scale
of political motivation. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 41-61.
Lotfabadi H. (2008). Criticism on moral development theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bandura and
providing a new model for research in Iranian students’ moral development. Quarterly Journal
Education Innovation, 24, 31-46.
Lynch, D. J. (2006). Motivational factors, learning strategies and resource management as
predictors of course grades. College Student Journal, 40, 423-428.
Lynch, D. J. (2010). Motivational beliefs and learning strategies as predictors of
academic performance in college physics. College Student Journal, 44, 920-927.
MacKinnon, B. C. (1995). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues. California:
Wadsworth Publishing Co.
Maizatul Akmam, A. B. (2007). Perkaitan antara hubungan keluarga, pengaruh rakan sebaya dan
kecerdasan emosi dengan tingkah laku delinkuen pelajar (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan):
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor.
Martinez, M. E. (2006). What is metacognition? Phi Delta Kappan, 87(9), 696–699. Matemba, Y. H.
(2010). Continuity and change in the development of moral education in
Botswana. Journal of Moral Education, 39(3), 329–343.
Matlin, M. W. (2008). The psychology of women (6th ed.). Belmont: Thomson.
Maxwell. B. (2014). Moral development: Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan. In Philips D.C.,
Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy (pp. 536-540). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
McNamara, C. (1999). General guidelines for conducting interviews. Diambil dari:
http://www.mapnp.org/library/evaluatn/intrview.htm
Moen. P. (2013). New directions in the sociology of aging. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
Mohamad Khairi Othman & Asmawati Suhid, (2010) Peranan sekolah dan guru dalam pembangunan nilai
pelajar menerusi penerapan nilai murni: satu sorotan. Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 11,
117-130.
Mohamad Rodzi Abd Razak. (2009). Pembinaan negara bangsa Malaysia: peranan pendidikan sejarah dan
dasar pendidikan kebangsaan. Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies,
36, 90-106.
Mohamad Shatar Sabran. (2005). Rahsia kecemerlangan akademik. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications &
Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Mohamed Farid Noh. (2016, September 17). Pelajar 13 tahun dirogol 4 kenalan Wechat.
Berita Harian. Diambil dari http://www.bharian.com.my
Mohammed Khaled Nordin. (2008). Teks ucapan second Malaysia student leaders summit (MSLS). Kuala
Lumpur. Diambil dari https://khalednordin.files.wordpress.com.
Mohan & Subashini (2016). Role of teachers in inculcating values among students.
National Conference on Value Education through Teacher Education, 1(2), 23-28. Mohd Daud Hamzah.
(1993). Liputan kurikulum sekolah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa
Dan Pustaka
Mohd Fathi Adnan, Rohana Hamzah & Amirmudin Udin. (2010). Implikasi falsafah
pendidikan kebangsaan dalam pendidikan teknik dan vokasional di Malaysia. Journal of Edupress.
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Diambil dari: http://eprints.utm.my/14917/
Mohd Khuzairi Ismail. (2017, Jun 19). 4 remaja didakwa bunuh T.Nhaveen. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil
dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Mohd Najib Ghafar, & Ali Harun. (2011). Perbezaan antara pengetahuan dan amalan konsep KBSM di
kalangan guru. Jurnal pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 12, 99-118.
Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff, & Aswati Hamzah. (2015). Direction of moral education teacher to enrich
character education. JIP-International Multidisciplinary Journal, 3, 119-132.
Mohd Zaki Ahmad & Mohd Zaki Abd. Rahman. (2014). Intrinsik dan ekstrinsik: tinjauan motivasi dalam
kalangan pelajar sekolah agama. (pp. 421-450). International Research Management and Innovation
Conference 2014 (IRMIC2014) KL, 17-18 November 2014.
Mohd. Majid Kanting. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan, cetakan ketujuh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mok Soon Sang. (2010). Falsafah dan pendidikan di Malaysia. Selangor: Multimedia Marketing Sdn Bhd.
Moral studies needs review. (2017, Disember 21). The Star. Diambil dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Mouratidis, A. A., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Sideridis, G. (2011). Vitality and
interest–enjoyment as a function of class-to-class variation in need-supportive teaching and
pupils’ autonomous motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 353-366.
Mower, D. (2008). Teaching sympathetic moral reasoning. Teaching Ethics: The Journal of the Society
for Ethics across the Curriculum, 8(2), 1-14.
Muehlenhard, C. L., & Peterson, Z. D. (2011). Distinguishing between sex dan gender: history,
current conceptualizations, dan implications. Sex Roles 64(11-12), 791–803.
doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9932-5.
Muhammad Kamil Mat Zin. (2001). Minat dan motivasi pelajar terhadap mata pelajaran Pendidikan Islam
KBSM: satu tinjauan ke atas pelajar-pelajar tingkatan 4 di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tanjung
Adang, Gelang Patah, Johor Bahru,
Johor (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Mukherjee, H. (1983). Moral education in plural society: Malaysia. Journal of Moral
Education, 12(2), 125-130.
Myyry, L. (2003). Components of morality: a professional ethics perspective on moral motivation,
moral sensitivity, moral reasoning and related constructs among university students (Tesis doktor
falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki.
Nabilah Abdullah, Rohaya Abdul Wahab, Ghaziah Ghazali, Shireena Basree Abdul Rahman & Norshidah
Nordin. (2010). Ciri-ciri penyelidikan kualitatif. Dalam Noraini Idris, (Ed.), Penyelidikan dalam
pendidikan (pp. 288-314). Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.
Nadarajan, T., & Vishalache, B. (2014). Pengurusan teater forum: satu inovasi teknik dalam pedagogi
Pendidikan Moral di sekolah menengah. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 1(2), 38-51.
Nails, D. (2002). The people of Plato: A prosopography of Plato and other Socratics.
Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub.
Narvaez, D. (2002). Individual differences that influence reading comprehension. In Pressley, M., &
Block, C. C. (Eds.), Reading comprehension instruction (pp. 158- 175). New York: Guilford.
Narvaez, D. (2005). The Neo-Kohlbergian tradition and beyond: Schemas, expertise and character. In
C. Pope-Edwards & G. Carlo (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Vol. 51: Moral Motivation
through the Lifespan. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Narvaez, D. (2008). Human flourishing and moral development: Cognitive science and neurobiological
perspectives on virtue development. In Nucci, L., Narvaez, D. (Eds.), Handbook of moral and
character education (pp. 310–327). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Narvaez, D. (2010). Building a sustaining classroom climate for purposeful ethical citizenship. In
Lovat, T. & Toomey, R. (Eds.), International Research Handbook of Values Education and Student
Wellbeing (pp. 659-674). New York: Springer.
Narvaez, D., & Lapsley, D. K. (2008). Teaching moral character: Two alternatives for teacher
education. The Teacher Educator, 43, 156-172.
Narvaez, D., & Rest, J. (1995). The four components of acting morally. In Kurtines, W.,
& Gewirtz, J. (Ed.), Moral behavior and moral development: An introduction (pp. 385-400). New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches. Seventh edition. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.
Newman, B., & Newman, P. (2007). Theories of human development. New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Newman, I., & Benz, C. R. (1998). Qualitative-quantitative research methodology: Exploring the
interactive continuum. Carbondale: University of Illinois Press.
Neyrinck, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Hutsebaut, D., & Duriez, B. (2006).
Cognitive, affective and behavioral correlates of internalization of regulations for religious
activities. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 321-332.
Ngu, M. K. (2009). Meningkatkan keberkesanan kawalan kelas menggunakan kaedah ganjaran dan hukuman
untuk murid-murid tahun 3. Seminar Penyelidikan Tindakan IPG KBL Tahun 2012 (pp. 132-146).
Nik Azis Nik Pa. (2008). Penelitian terhadap konsep dan amalan pendidikan nilai dan moral In Nik
Azis Nik Pa & Noraini Idris (Eds.), Perjuangan memperkasakan pendidikan di Malaysia: pengalaman 50
tahun merdeka (pp. 250-272). Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributions Sdn Bhd.
Nikoomaram, H., Roodposhti, F. R., Ashlagh, A. T., Lotfi, F. H., & Taghipourian, Y. (2013). The
Effects of age, gender, education level and work experience of accountant on ethical decision
making by using fuzzy logic. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(6),
1559-1571.
Ning, H. K. & Downing, K. (2010). Connections between learning experience, study behaviour and
academic performance: a longitudinal study. Educational Research, 52(4), 457-468.
Nisa, K. (2011). Kesan Motivasi Intrinsik Dan Motivasi Extrinsik Ke Atas Pencapaian Pelajar
Tingkatan 5 SMK. Khir Johari Sungai Sumun (Kajian ilmiah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti
Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim.
Noor Banu Mahadir Naidu. (2008). Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Muda Pendidikan (Pendidikan
Moral) UPSI. Monograph. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Noordin Yahaya, Azizi Yahaya, Jamaludin Ramli, Shahrin Hashim, Zurihanmi Zakariya. (2010). The
effects of motivational factors in learning among students in secondary school in Negeri Sembilan.
International journal of psychology, 2(1), 128-136.
Noraini Ahmad. (2002). Siri motivasi dan kecemerlangan utusan: kaunseling kekeluargaan. Cheras:
Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Noraini Idris. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill. Noraini Idris.
(2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan edisi kedua. Kuala Lumpur:
McGraw Hill.
Norazri Mohd Zaidin. (2015). Penerapan nilai-nilai murni dalam proses pengajaran dan
pembelajaran ke arah pembentukan sahsiah pelajar di Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi Mara (Tesis sarjana yang
tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Tun Hussien Onn, Johor.
Norbaiti Phaharoradzi. (2016, Ogos 31). Teens among 72 held at holiday eve drug party.
The Star. Diambil dari http://www.thestar.com.my
Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir & Norzalinda Mohd Ali Hanafiah. (2015). Faktor internal individu dan
delinkuensi: kajian ke atas remaja perempuan di Asrama Akhlak Perempuan, Jitra. Jurnal Pembangunan
Sosial, 18(6), 185-202.
Norzamira Che Noh. (2017, Mac 17). Three students caught for drug abuse, two found drunk in special
ops. News Strait Times. Diambil dari http://www.nst.com.my
Norzihani S., Nur Surayyah Madhubala A., & Samsilah R. (2015). Elemen latar belakang diri sebagai
pemudahcara pemikiran moral pasca-konvensional guru pelatih. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran
Asia Pasifik, 3(4), 46-56.
Nucci, L. (1998). Moral development and moral education: an overview. [Online forum comment].
Diambil dari: http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview.html.
Nunner-Winkler, G. (2007). Development of moral motivation from childhood to early adulthood.
Journal of Moral Education, 36(4), 399-414.
doi:10.1080/03057240701687970.
Nur Farhana Abdul Manan. (2016, Februari 22). Kes buli: Pelajar terima lapan jahitan dibelasah
senior. Sinar Harian. Diambil dari http://www.sinarharian.com.my.
Nur Izzati Mohamad. (2016, Mac 4). 7 pelajar ditahan curi komputer riba sekolah. Berita Harian.
Diambil dari http://www.bharian.com.my
Nurlela Sari. (2013). The importance of teaching moral values to the students. Journal of English
and Education, 1(1), 154-162.
Office of the Surgeon General. (2001). Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Washington DC U.S.: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of
Public Health and Science, Office of the Surgeon General. Diambil dari:
www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence.
Ogoma, D. E. & Alaiyemola, A. O. (2015). Prospects and problems of teaching moral instructions in
primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Capacity Building in Education
and Management, 2(3):18-24.
Omar, A. (2008). Penerapan nilai-nilai murni dalam kalangan pelajar sarjana muda pendidikan teknik
dan vokasional semasa menjalankan amali di makmal, universiti tun hussein onn Malaysia (Tesis
sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat.
Oser, F., & Althof, W. (2001). The Just community school: learning through forming the
life of schools. In Edelstein, W., Oser, F., & Schuster, P. (Eds.), Moral education in schools:
developmental psychology and educational practice (pp. 233-268). Weinheim: Beltz.
Ozumba, G. O. (2001). A course text on ethics. Awka: O.O. Publishers.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The
development and validation of the values in action inventory of strengths for youth. Journal of
Adolescence, 29(6), 891–909.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Strengths of character in schools. In Gilman, R., Huebner, E. S.,
& Furlong, M.J. (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology in schools (pp. 65-76). New York:
Routledge.
Pascarella, E., & Terenzini, P. (2005). How college affects students (Vol. 2): A third decade of
research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Paxton, J. M., & Greene, J. D. (2010). Moral reasoning: Hints and allegations. Topics in
Cognitive Science, 2(3), 511–527.
Peabody, J. P. (2008). Old Greek folk stories told a new. Chapel Hill, NC: Yesterday’s Classic.
Pearson, Q. M., & Nicholson, J. I. (2000). Comprehensive character education in the elementary
school: Strategies for administrators, teachers, and counselors. Journal of Humanistic Counseling,
Education & Development, 38(4), 243-249.
Pembuli manusia yang tidak gembira. (2016, Oktober 22). Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari
http://www.utusan.com.my
Perlman, D. J. (2015). The teacher care project: enhancing motivation, engagement and effort of a
motivated students. Journal of research, policy & practice of teacher & teacher education, 5(1),
4-16.
Peterson, D., Rhoads, A., & Vaught, B. C. (2001). Ethical beliefs of business professionals: a
study of gender, age and external factors. Journal Business Ethics, 3, 225-232.
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and
applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Pohankova, A. (2010). Motivation and decision-making process in managing change within the
organization. Human Resources Management & Ergonomics, 4(2), 1-9.
Preeti, B. (2013). Role of emotional intelligence for academic achievement for students.
Research Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(2), 8-12.
Prehn, K., Wartenburger, I., Mériau, K., Scheibe, C., Goodenough, O.R., Villringer, A.,
et al., (2008). Individual differences in moral judgment competence influence neural correlates of
socio-normative judgments. Social Cognition Affected Neuroscience, 3(1), 33–46.
Proios, M. (2014). Relationship between discrete emotions and moral content judgment in sport
settings. Ethics & Behavior 24, 382–96.
Pym, A. (2010). Exploring Translation Theories. London and New York: Routledge.
Qi, W. X., & Tang, H. W. (2004). The social and cultural background of contemporary moral education
in China. Journal of Moral Education, 33(4), 465-480.
Rachels, J. (2003). The Elements of Moral Philosophy (4th edition). New York: McGraw- Hill.
Rai, T. S., and Fiske, A. P. (2011). Moral psychology is relationship regulation: moral motives for
unity, hierarchy, equality, and proportionality. Psychol. Rev. 118(1), 57–75. doi: 10.1037/a0021867
Rashidah Rashid, (2007). Hubungan antara gaya pembelajaran dengan motivasi dalam kalangan pelajar
di sebuah sekolah menengah luar bandar, Sabah (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Rayburn C. (2004). Assessing students for morality education: a new role for school counselors.
Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 356-363.
Rebecca Rajaendram. (2017, Disember 17). Moral values to be assessed. The Star.
Diambil dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Reilly, D. (2010). Running head: sex and gender differences in moral cognition (Tesis sarjana muda
yang tidak diterbitkan): Griffith University, Australia.
Reiss, S. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Teaching of psychology, 39(2), 152 – 156.
Rest, J. (1979). Development in judging moral issues. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota
Press.
Rest, J. R., Narvaez D., Thoma S. J, & Bebeau M. J. (2000). A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach to Morality
Research. Journal of Moral Education, 29(4), 381-395.
Rest, J. R., Narvaez, D., Bebeau, M. J., & Thoma, S. J. (1999). A Neo-Kohlbergian approach: The DIT
and Schema Theory. Educational Psychology Review, 11(4), 291-324.
Richardson. H. S. (2013). Moral Reasoning. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Diambil dari: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reasoning-moral/
Richardson. H. S. (2017). Some Tips about What We’re Looking For. Ethics 128(1), 1-5.
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., Hanhimäki, E., & Tirri, K. (2018). The implications of teachers’
implicit theories for moral education: A case study from Finland. Journal of Moral Education,
47(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2017.1374244
Romanowski, M. (2003). Lessons for life. American School Board Journal, 190(11), 32- 35.
Roos Niza Mohd Shariff. (2017). Implikasi jenayah bawah umur. Utusan Malaysia.
Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Rosati, C. S. (2016). Moral Motivation. In Edward, N. Z. (Ed), The Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy (online). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Diambil dari internet:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral- motivation/
Rosilawati Sultan Mohideen, Nurliyana Kamilah Khairul Anuar, Dzaa Imma Abdul Latiff, Abdul Rauf
Ridzuan, & Fazlul Haque Kamarudin. (2016). Social factors that contribute juvenile delinquency at
Melaka. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 3, 93-98. Diambil dari: http://jesoc.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/03/KC3_86.pdf
Rosman Md. Yusoff, & Kassim Thukiman. (2008). Teori dan pemikiran mengenai hubungan etnik. In
Kassim Thukiman & Hamidah Abdul Rahman (Ed.), Hubungan etnik di Malaysia: perspektif, teori dan
praktik (pp. 17-54). Skudai, Johor:vPenerbit UTM Press.
Rosnani, H. (2007). Education in fostering a united and caring citizenship in Malaysia. In Tan, C.
& Chong, K. (Eds.), Critical perspectives on values education in Asia (pp. 83•97). Singapore:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
Rozmi Ismail. (2015). Buli di Sekolah: Igauan atau Realiti? Bicara Persada Canselori: anjuran
Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi.
Rumainah Ibrahim & Faridah Mydin Kutty. (2017). Dorongan autonomi guru dalam pembentukan motivasi
intrinsik murid. (pp. 308-314). Seminar on Transdisiplin Education (STEd2017). UKM.
Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2000). Data management and analysis methods. In Denzin, N. K. &
Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edtion (pp. 769-802). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publication.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining
reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 57, 749-761.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions
and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion
and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In Hagger, M.S., & Chatzisarantis, N.L.D. (Ed.),
Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 1-19). Champaign, IL: Human
Kinetics Europe Ltd.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological
needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In John, O. P., Robbins, R. W., & Pervin, L.
A. (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 654-678). New York: The Guilford
Press.
Ryan, R. M., Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Self-determination theory and physical
activity: The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology,
6, 107-124.
Sabitha Marican. (2005). Membentuk suasana kerja positif: Aspek hubungan manusia dan persekitaran
sosial. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications dan Distributors.
Saedah Abd. Ghani. (2004). Kesan kaunseling keluarga ke atas penyesuaian keluarga, kohesi keluarga,
persekitaran keluarga tingkah laku bermasalah dan konsep kendiri remaja awal bermasalah tingkah
laku (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
Sajidah Asarulah Khan. (2015, Ogos 6). Budak perempuan 11 tahun lahir bayi. Utusan Malaysia.
Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Sakhilah Shahkat Ali. (2009). Orientasi moral di kalangan pelajar tingkatan empat
(Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya.
Sanadhya, R., Sharma, D. K. & Sushil, C. S. (2010). A comparative study of altruism among the boys
and girls of joint and nuclear families. Journal of Mental Behaviour & Human Health, 15(2), 88-90.
Sandeep Kaur, C. (2015). Generational Differences in the Interaction between Valuing Leisure and
Having Work-Life Balance on Altruistic and Conscientious Behaviors (Tesis doktor falsafah yang
tidak diterbitkan): Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Seattle Pacific University.
Santrock, J.W. (2008). Children (10th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sapouna, M. & Wolke, D. (2013). Resilience to bullying victimization: The role of individual,
family and peer characteristics. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 997-1006.
Sathish Rao. A. (2015). Pertimbangan moral dalam kalangan pelajar bermasalah disiplin:
penggunaan 'Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form Objective' (SRM-SFO).Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 5(2), 50-64.
Schemrich. C. M. (2003). Applying principles of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development to classroom instruction, classroom discipline procedures, school-wide discipline procedures, district programs and community programs (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): The Graduate Faculty of the University of Akron.
Schepers D. H. (2003). Machiavellianism, profit, and the dimensions of ethical judgment: a study of impact. Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 339–52.
Scott, N., & Seglow, J. (2007) Altruism. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Sekaran, U. (2003) Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (4th Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Shamsuddin Muhammad, Ruzlan Md. Ali & Siti Noor Ismail. (2016). Tahap amalan penerapan kemahiran pemikiran kritis (KPK) di sekolah menengah berprestasi tinggi, sederhana dan rendah. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge through Research UUM-UMSIDA, Proceeding of ICECRS. 967-976. doi: https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.639
Sharma, D., & Mohite, P. (2007). Teachers’ perceptions of values education for children. In Tan, C. & Chong, K. (Eds.), Critical perspectives on values education in Asia (pp. 30-49). Singapore: Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia.
Shockley-Zalabak, P. (1999). Fundamentals of organisational communication: knowledge, sensitivity, skills, values. New York: Longman.
Sidani, Y., Zbib, I., Rawwas, M., & Moussawer, T. (2009). Gender, age and ethical sensitivity: the case of Lebanese workers. Gender in Management: International Journal, 24(3), 211-227.
Sidek Mohd. Noh. (2002). Reka bentuk penyelidikan falsafah, teori dan praktis. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.
Siti Hajar & Yahya Don. (2016). Kefungsian keluarga dan ketahanan diri pelajar sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge through Research, UUM-UMSIDA, 25-27 October 2016, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Siti Khodijah (2011). Hubungan antara motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Siti Noor Fazariah & Zulkarnaen. (2014). Tret personaliti dalam pembentukan
tingkahlaku kanak-kanak delinkuen di Negeri Sabah. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Family
Integrity (SKIK 2014). Universiti Malaysia Sabah: Sabah.
Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Knopf.
Smetana, J. G. (1990). Morality and conduct disorders: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology.
New York: Plenum Press.
Snyder, H. (2008). Juvenile Arrests 2006. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Stams, G. J. J. M., Brugman, D., Deković, M., Van Rosmalen, L., Van der Laan, P. H., & Gibbs, J. C.
(2006). The moral judgment of juvenile delinquents: A meta- analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 34, 697–713.
Stapleton, M. (2013). An Investigation of Moral Development: the Effect of Religiosity on
Kohlbergian Moral Reasoning. Student Psychology Journal, 4, 87-105.
Stephens, D. G. (2009). A Correlational Study on Parental Attachment and Moral Judgment Competence
of Millennial Generation College Students. Public Access Theses and Dissertations from the College
of Education and Human Sciences. Diambil dari: . http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/32.
Stone, A. (2002). Human rights education and public policy in the United States: mapping the road
ahead Adam Stone. Human Rights Quarterly, 24(2), 537-557.
Stover, J. B., de la Iglesia, G., Rial Boubeta, A., & Fernández Liporace, M. (2012).
Academic Motivation scale (AMS): Adaptation and psychometric analyses for high school and college
students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 71-83. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S33188
Sucharita, R. (2013). A study of moral judgement of secondary school students in relation to some
variables (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Sri Padmavathi Womens University, India.
Diambil dari: http://hdl.handle.net/10603/6752
Suppiah Nachiappan, Barathy Sinnasamy, & Sandra Suffian (2017). Masalah dalam pengajaran dan
pembelajaran Pendidikan Moral di sekolah menengah dan penyelesaian masalah melalui kaedah
Hermeneutik. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education (JRPPTTE),
7(2), 58-68.
Syahruan Azan Ngadmid. (2015). Hubungan perapatan guru dengan murid dalam bilik darjah terhadap
tingkah laku murid (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan):
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Allyn
and Bacon.
Tarry, H., & Emler, N. (2007). Attitudes, values and moral reasoning as predictors of
delinquency. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25(2), 169-183.
doi:10.1348/026151006X113671
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007). Editorial: the new era of mixed methods.
Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1):3-7.
Terry, D. J. (2013). The male group effect: measuring moral judgment and reasoning among two
cohorts of first-year college men (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Texas Christian
University, Texas.
The juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act a fact book. (2007). Amerika Syarikat: National
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition.
Thoma, S. J., & Bebeau, M. J. (2013). Moral motivation and the four component model.
In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 49-68). Rotterdam:
Sense Publisher.
Thoman, D. B., Brown, E. R., Mason, A. Z., Harmsen, A. G. & Smith, J. L. (2014). The role of
altruistic values in motivating underrepresented minority students for biomedicine. BioScience, 65,
183-188.
Thomas, J. & Dunphy, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Moral Judgment in Business Students.
Journal of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences, 17(1), 130-153.
Thompson W. G. (2002). The effects of character education on student behavior (Tesis doktor
falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): East Tennessee State University. Diambil dari:
http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1863&context=etd
Toremen, F. (2011). The responsibility education of teacher candidates. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Egitim
Bilimleri, 11(1), 273-277.
Total population sampling. (2012). In Laerd dissertation. Retrieved July 25, 2018 from
http://dissertation.laerd.com/total-population-sampling.php
Tranquillo, J. & Stecker, M. (2016). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Professional Development
and Continuing Education for the Health Professions. Surgical Neurology International. 7(7) 23-40.
Trojanowicz, R. C., Morash, M., & Schram, P. J. (2001). Juvenile delinquency concepts and control.
United States: Prentice Hall.
Turiel, E. (2002). The Culture of Morality: social development, context, and conflict.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Turiel, E. (2008). Foreword. Journal of Moral Education, 37(3), 279–288.
Uk Raai Chen, Alias Masek, Mohd Hasril Amiruddin. (2014) Kajian gaya pembelajaran dan motivasi
terhadap pencapaian pelajar Diploma Kejuruteraan di Politeknik. Prosiding Persidangan Pendidikan
(Penyelidikan dan Inovasi) dalam Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (CiE-TVET 2014)
Kali ke-4. Mersing, Johor.
UNICEF. (2011). Adolescence an age of opportunity. New York: Hatteras Press.
Utting, D. (2007). Parenting and the different ways it can affect children’s lives: Research
evidence. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Vallerand, R. J., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., & Pelletier, L. G. (1989). Construction and
validation of the motivation toward education scale. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science Revue
Canadienne, 21, 323-349.
Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., Senecal, C., & Vallieres, E.
F. (1992). The Academic Motivation Scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation in
education. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 1003- 1017.
Vallerand, R.J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and motivation in sport and exercise. In
G.C. Roberts (Ed.). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp: 263-320). Champaign: Human
Kinetics.
Values Education Study. (2003) Final Report. Melbourne: Curriculum Corporation.
Van Dijk, N. (2016). A comparison of different approaches to moral education: The development of
moral capacities in regular and democratic schools in the Netherlands (Tesis sarjana muda yang
tidak diterbitkan): Utrecht University: Netherlands.
Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., & Lens, W. (2009).
Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: the quality of motivation matters.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(3), 671-688. Doi: Doi 10.1037/A0015083.
Veugelers, W. (2008). Moral values in teacher education. Paper Presented at the 1st Symposium on
Moral and Democratic Education, 24 ‐ 27 August 2008, Florina, Greece.
Veugelers, W. (Ed.). (2011). Education and humanism: Linking autonomy and humanity.
Rotterdam/ Boston/Taipeh: Sense Publishers.
Video perempuan mengamuk kereta kena langgar dikeji pengguna media sosial (Julai 16,
2014). Astro Awani. Diambil Dari: www.astroawani.com
Viera, A. J. & Garnet, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: The Kappa
statistic. Family Medicine, 37(5), 360-363.
Vischalache, B. (2004). Project work in teaching moral education: A Malaysian review.
Presented in Association for Moral Education International Conference. California: Dana Point.
Vischalache, B. (2013). Moral Education subject: It is too exam-oriented. New Straits Times.
Diambil dari: http://www.nst.com.my/
Vishalache, B. (2009). Teaching moral education in secondary schools using real life dilemmas
(Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Vishalache, B. (2010). The development of Moral Education in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of
Educators and Education, 25, 89–101.
Vishalache, B. (2007). Kesan Menggunakan Dilema Kehidupan Sebenar Dalam Pengajaran-Pembelajaran
Pendidikan Moral. Masalah Pendidikan, 30(1), 101-112.
Vishalache, B. (2014). i-Think dalam Subjek Pendidikan Moral. In Vishalache, B. (Ed.), Aplikasi
I-Think dalam Pendidikan (pp. 135-150). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Vishalache, B. (2014b). Menuju ke arah masyarakat Malaysia berfikiran aras tinggi. In Vishalache,
B. (Ed.), Aplikasi I-Think dalam Pendidikan (pp. 135-150). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Vishalache, B. (2016, Jun 19). Transforming moral education. The Star. Diambil dari:
http://www.thestar.com.my
Vishalache, B. (2017). Making moral education work in a multicultural society with Islamic
hegemony. Journal of Moral Education, 46(1), 79-87.
Vishalache, B. (2015). Teaching moral values and ethics. New Straits Times. Diambil dari:
http://www.nst.com.my/
Vitell, S. J., Singh, J. J., & Paolillo, J. G. (2007). Consumers’ ethical beliefs: The roles of
money, religiousity and attitude toward business. Journal of Business Ethics, 73(4), 369-379.
Diambil dari: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9212-4
Waldmann, M. R., Nagel, J., & Wiegmann, A. (2012). Moral judgment. In Holyoak, K. J.
& Morrison, R. G. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning (pp.
364-389). New York: Oxford University Press.
Walker, J. M. (2013). Moral motivation through perspective exemplary. In Heinrichs, K.,
Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 197-214). Rotterdam:
Sense Publisher.
Walker, L. J. & Moran, T. J. (1991). Moral reasoning in a communist Chinese society,
Journal of Moral Education, 20, 139-155.
Walker, L. J. (2004). Gus in the gap: Bridging the judgment–action gap in moral functioning. In
Lapsley, D. K., & Narvaez, D. (Eds.), Moral development, self, and identity (pp. 1–20). Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum.
Walker, L. J. (2006). Gender and morality. In Killen, M. & Smetana, J. G. (Eds.),
Handbook of moral development (pp. 93-115). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Walker, L. J., Gustafson, P., & Frimer, J. A. (2007). The application of Bayesian analysis to
issues in development research. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 366-373.
Wan Su Haron. (2008). Hubungan personaliti, kemahiran sosial, kebimbangan dan rakan sebaya dengan
tingkah laku devian di kalangan pelajar universiti. Presented in International Conference on the
Roles of the Humanities and Social Sciences in Eengineering (ICOHSE08), Perlis: Universiti Malaysia
Perlis.
Wark, G. R., & Krebs, D. L. (2000). The construction of moral dilemmas in everyday life.
Journal of Moral Education, 29, 5-21.
Weiner, B. (1990). History of motivation research in education. Journal of Educational Psychology,
82, 616–622.
Wiersma, W. (2000). Research methods in education: An introduction. Needham Heights, MA: A.
Pearson.
Wilhelm. W.J. & Gunawong. P. (2016). Cultural dimensions and moral reasoning: a comparative study.
International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 36(5/6), 335 – 357. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-05-2015-0047
Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1998). Building Health-Care Partnerships by Supporting
Autonomy: Promoting Maintained Behavior Change and Positive Health Outcomes. In Suchman, A. L.,
Hinton-Walker, P., & Botelho, R. (Eds.) Partnerships in healthcare: Transforming relational process
(pp. 67-87). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Williams, J. P., Brown, L. G., Silverstein, A. K., & de Cani, J. S. (1994). An instructional
program in comprehension of narrative themes for adolescents with learning
disabilities. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 17, 205-221.
Williams, K., & Williams, C. (2011). Five key ingredients for improving motivation.
Research in Higher Education Journal, 11,
1-23.
http://aabri.com/manuscripts/11834.pdf
Willingham, D. T. (2007). Critical thinking: Why is it so hard to teach? American Educator, 31(2),
8–19.
Wilson, J. (1973). A Teacher’s Guide to Moral Education. London: Geoffrey Chapman. Wiredu, K.
(2002). The Moral Foundation of an African Culture. In Coetzee, P. H., &
Roux, A. P. J. (eds.), Philosophy From Africa: A Text with Readings. (pp. 287-306). New York:
Oxford University Press.
Wissink, I. B., Dekovic, M., Stams, G. J. J. M., Asscher, J. J., Rutten, E. A., & Zijlstra, B.
J. H. (2014). Moral orientation and relationships in school and adolescent pro-and antisocial
behaviors: A multi-level study. Journal of School Nursing, 30, 216-225.
Wringe, C. (2006). Moral education: Beyond the teaching of right and wrong. Dordrecht, Netherlands:
Springer.
Yao Xiao. (2012). The effectiveness of a moral education curriculum in increasing life satisfaction
and moral reasoning of adolescent in China (Tesis sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan): Brandeis
University.
Yau, H. K., Kan, M. S., & Cheng, L. F. A. (2011). Gender differences on Intrinsic Motivation in
Hong Kong Higher Education. E-Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership, 9(2), 63 - 80.
Yong. K.K. (2016, Julai 2). Make the subject of moral education more meaningful. The Star. Diambil
dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Zainudin Sharif, & Norazmah Mohamad Roslan. (2011). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi remaja terlibat
dalam masalah sosial di Sekolah Tunas Bakti, Sungai Lereh, Melaka. Journal of Education Psychology
& Counseling, 1(7), 115- 140.
Zaleha Yaacob. (2010). Pengaruh keganasan dalam media terhadap tingkah laku agresif remaja. (Tesis
sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Zamzuri. A. M. (2003). Tingkah laku delinkuen di kalangan mahasiswa universiti (Tesis sarjana yang
tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
Zhao, Z., & Tan, C. (2007). Citizenship education in mainland China at a crossroads. In Tan, C. &
Chong, K. (Eds.), Critical perspectives on values education in Asia (pp.
124–137). Singapore: Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia.
Zhou, M. & Brown, D. (2015). Educational Learning Theories. Education Open
Textbooks 1, 38-47. Diambil dari: https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/education-textbooks/1
Zizek, B., Garz D., & Nowak, E. (2015). Kohlberg revisited. (pp. 1-16). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Zurina Mahadi, & Hukil Sino. (2007). Hubungan nilai masyarakat & pembangunan: satu analisa. MALIM:
Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 8, 77-94.
Zwick, M., & Fletcher, J. A. (2014). Levels of altruism. Biological Theory, 9(1), 100-107.
DOI 10.1007/s13752-013-0145-8.
